Over four years, 4P-CAN (www.4p-can.eu) will identify barriers to cancer primary prevention measures adoption by studying risk factors for cancer such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, excess body weight, HPV and HBV infections (preventable through vaccination) and environmental pollution. The project will gather evidence around individual adherence to healthy behaviours in countries from Eastern Europe such as Romania, Bulgaria, the Republic of Moldova, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Ukraine.

“4P-CAN is a very timely project because it’s addressing the primary prevention of cancer in the context of the Cancer Mission recommendations, with the primary aim to develop a new model of personalised primary prevention, based on innovative approaches from the social sciences and humanities. It benefits from the expertise of 17 beneficiaries, from 11 countries. We know that cancer primary prevention is neglected and underfunded – only 5% of the research funds were spent on it in the last decade. On the other side, we have high expectations of the citizens to invest and to come up with more efficient solutions for cancer prevention. 4P-CAN answers to this need and aims to find new effective strategies to approach cancer primary prevention. Moreover, our consortium is highly representative at the European level, mixing Eastern and Western partners, and so being able to understand and address the East-West inequalities in cancer.”

Dr Marius Geanta, 4P-CAN Coordinator, President of the Centre for Innovation in Medicine

The 4P-CAN project is built on an innovative vision that seeks to understand the complex system surrounding the citizen and how it increases the risk of cancer on three levels – macro (at the national level), meso (at the community level), and micro (at the individual level). The project will follow the narrative of the European Code Against Cancer, implementing research, social sciences, and humanities with behavioural sciences to create personalized tools for the primary prevention of cancer. Based on project knowledge and implementation methods, 4P-CAN will establish two living labs, one in Romania and one in Bulgaria, targeting the adoption of preventive behaviours based on the 12 recommendations of the Code.

The 4P-CAN project is a collaboration among 17 organizations from 11 different countries, including the Balkan countries, which are European Union (EU) Member States and non-EU Member States, and Western EU Member States such as Portugal, Italy, France, Ireland, and Belgium.

For more information on the 4P-CAN project, please visit our social media platforms on LinkedIn and Twitter.

Contact: office@ino-med.ro

Cancer represents a global health challenge. It affects everyone regardless of gender, or even social status and is a tremendous burden for patients, families, friends, and societies. According to the European Cancer Information System, the incidence of cancer in Europe by 2040 is expected to increase by 20.96% and mortality by 31.76%. This means that if no further actions are taken, around 3.24 million people will be diagnosed, and 1.66 million people will die in Europe. In Romania, the mortality will increase by 13.6%.

Driving the Horizon Europe Mission on Cancer initiative is the ambitious goal to improve “the lives of more than 3 million people by 2030 through prevention, cure and for those affected by cancer including their families, to live longer and better”. This is also the driving force behind the project ECHoS, Establishing of Cancer Mission Hubs: Networks and Synergies.

ECHoS, a new, three-year European consortium supported by Mission on Cancer, will play a vital role in supporting the bold and inspirational goals defined by this European initiative. Bringing together the expertise of 58 leading organizations, from governmental, healthcare, research, academic, and non-profit sectors, this key consortium will ultimately provide member states and associated countries (MS/AC) with the capacity to create National Cancer Mission Hubs (NCMHs) gradually. These NCMHs, operating at national, regional, and local levels, will have a vital role in involving all relevant stakeholders, including citizens, in cancer-related policy dialogues.

“The fight against cancer can no longer be an isolated endeavor. Currently, research, innovation, and healthcare initiatives are largely siloed within specific communities and the engagement of citizens is either poor or non-existent,” said Dr. Anabela Isidro, member of the AICIB (Agency for Clinical Research and Biomedical Innovation in Portugal) board. “Supported by the European Beating Cancer Plan and the EU Mission on Cancer, cancer occupies a central place within the European political agenda. At the conclusion of the Conference on the Future of Europe, political leaders championed pan-European cooperation towards a Health in All Policies approach, and a data-informed, citizen-focused, research-driven agenda. The time to act is now.” She concluded.

Romania is represented by the Centre for Innovation in Medicine, which will collaborate closely with the consortium coordinators (AICIB) and leading experts across Europe, to establish a NCMH in our country. This combined effort will coordinate R&I and Healthcare actions on cancer with policy-making processes toward people-centric healthcare and research systems in ways that cannot be achieved through individual efforts and fragmented initiatives.

“The creation of national hubs of the Cancer Mission and their interconnection is a fundamental step for the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan and the Mission’s action plan. The ECHoS project will generate in the next 3 years both models of governance and impact, as well as models of interaction with traditional and non-traditional stakeholders, but especially with citizens. Cancer Mission hubs must have real citizens at the center, start from their needs, and involve them in research, innovation, and implementation from the beginning and continuously. For this reason, the Cancer Mission is more than a mission that promotes cancer research, just as ECHoS is more than a European project – it is the beginning of a movement that involves 58 organizations from 28 countries, including the Centre for Innovation in Medicine”, said Dr. Marius Geanta, President of the Centre for Innovation in Medicine, and national coordinator of the ECHoS project. “Creating a National Cancer Mission Hub in Romania represents a key step towards strengthening the voice of national stakeholders in cancer policies in Europe.”

The recent COVID-19 emergency exposed the fragilities in health systems, halting research, arresting clinical trials, and forcing limited resource allocation to tackle these emerging needs. Still, it highlighted countries’ capacity to create functional synergies in health, policy, and research, successfully impacting the health scenario. With the Kick-Off Meeting occurring today, ECHoS will set the foundations for a strong and cohesive network of NCMHs among MS/AC aligned with the Mission on Cancer. ECHoS will break new frontiers, beyond established research and health systems, reaching from individual citizens to European Institutions, Civil Society, Social Sector, Academia, and Public and Private Sectors, improving the current landscape and setting a brighter future in cancer.

The Centre for Innovation in Medicine (INOMED) is an Associated Partner of the Project.

“We have many medicines at our disposal, but unfortunately, we still know too little about the categories of patients who can truly benefit from them. Personalized medicine has the potential to breathe new life into existing drugs that are not being used to their full potential, for the benefit of both patients and healthcare systems. We are honored to be part of the PRIME-ROSE project because it gives us the opportunity to learn from the best about personalized medicine in oncological practice, while at the same time preparing for the implementation of these approaches in the Balkan states to reduce East-West inequalities through innovation.”

Dr. Marius Geantă, President of INOMED

Sustainable and affordable precision cancer medicine across Europe

The PRIME-ROSE vision is access to affordable Precision Cancer Medicine (PCM) that prolongs life at the best quality possible for all cancer patients. PCM is an approach that depends on access to adequate molecular diagnostics and drugs to have an impact and move towards implementation in the national healthcare systems. Today there is inequality in access to PCM between and within EU countries, and while the promise of PCM is clear, implementation remains a challenge. This, in particular, affects cancer patients with the poorest prognosis who have exhausted all lines of standard-of-care treatment, those with tumors carrying rare mutations, and patients with carcinoma of unknown primary.

The PRIME-ROSE project builds on a bottom-up, clinician-initiated family of PCM clinical trials which have been particularly successful in bringing up inclusion rates to offer additional lines of treatment and in providing patient benefit. These trials share the pragmatic clinical trial design of the original Dutch DRUP trial, with broad inclusion criteria and a limited set of endpoints. However, the trials are still anchored into a national context and are funded independently. The result is a distributed DRUP-like clinical trial network that addresses local priorities while collaborating internationally for scale and impact.

Work to be done in PRIME-ROSE moving PCM forward in Europe

The consortium will use these existing adaptive and pragmatic clinical trial platforms to answer key questions regarding clinical effectiveness, provide health-economic evaluations, and contribute to scientific progress across cancers. In particular, the cross-country collaboration provided by PRIME-ROSE will build capacity as well as enable cross-trial data aggregation and analysis, initiate shared cohorts across borders, and provide health-economic evaluations. To ensure successful implementation, the consortium will work together with regulators, policymakers, payers, healthcare providers, and patient advocacy groups to implement evidence-based PCM in routine practice and address inequalities in access.

Altogether, this Europe-wide precision cancer medicine deployment will address key scientific and methodological questions to accelerate broad and equitable access to new and effective cancer treatments. The ongoing effort is already leading to harmonization, standardization, and pragmatic consensus.

Pan-European precision cancer medicine community: PRIME-ROSE project is led by Professor Kjetil Taskén, Head of the Institute for Cancer Research at Oslo University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Centre in Norway.

PRIME-ROSE Consortium Partners:

1. Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
2. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
3. Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
4. Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
5. Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
6. Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
7. IPOPORTO, Porto, Portugal
8. Region Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
9. The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund, Sweden
10. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
11. Region Skåne, Sweden
12. Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
13. Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
14. University Hospital of Split (KBC Split), Split, Croatia
15. Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
16. National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
17. Vall D’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
18. Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment (CPCT, DRUP trial consortium), hosted by Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
19. National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
20. Cancer Research UK, London, UK
21. University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
22. Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
23. Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (MOU), Brno, Czech Republic
24. Center for Innovation in Medicine (CIM), Bucharest, Romania

Read the full report from the event, here.

The first session:

• Martine Ingvorsen, Policy Officer, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (SANTE), Public
  Health and Health Security Department
• Afonso Moreira, Public Health Expert, Portuguese National Health Institute
• Svetlana Nicolaescu, Ministry of Health State Secretary, Republic of Moldova
• Patrick Swain, Coordinator of the Coalition for Life-course immunization
• Laurent Louette, Director Public Affairs & Country Liaison, Vaccines Europe

The second session – Panel discussion with the representatives of the countries from EEVAX:

• Amina Kozaric, Professor, International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
  Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Viktor Dombradi, Senior lecturer, Semmelweis University Health Services Management Training
  Centre, Hungary
• Viktor Semenov, Family Medicine Medical Doctor and Teaching assistant at the department of
  Social Medicine and Public Health, Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine

Europe, June 2022. This is the third year of the Covid-19 pandemic, one of the turning points of humanity that impacted every level of our ”normal lives”. It can be seen as a barrier against what we thought was normal, as well as an opportunity to ReThink our Health and Build Forward Better.

In early March 2020, WHO declared the global pandemic Covid-19, and in late December 2020, the first Covid-19 vaccine became available in the European Union. Vaccination started at the same time, with enough doses, in every Member State. It was unprecedented. One year and a half since the Covid-19 vaccination campaigns started, the East-West divide is very large. Vaccine hesitancy is higher in CEE compared to Western Member States not just for Covid-19 vaccination, but also for other vaccine types (e.g., HPV). CEE countries have experienced one of the highest mortality and fatality rates from Covid-19, an indicator of vulnerable health systems inadequately prepared to respond to the pandemic crisis (highlighted for many years in the European Semester).

We are witnessing an „iron curtain of vaccination” in Europe, rooted in a common historical background of CEE countries. Studies suggest that Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy is related to low trust in governments and political establishments as a consequence of common cultural factors. The Berlin Wall, which has divided Europe for decades, fell in 1989. In terms of vaccination, the ”Iron Curtain” still persists, after decades in which Eastern European countries have either become EU members or are on their way to EU membership. Unfortunately, the ”iron curtain of vaccination” is not unique to Covid-19, although it came to the public’s attention as an emergency to be resolved during this pandemic. The same inequalities can be observed in other types of vaccination, with HPV vaccination being one of the most notable.

One of these recommendations referred to the use of data through citizen involvement: “The European data space for cancer must promote data donation from European citizens, cancer patients or other patients, directly to a single hub at the European Union level, in order to avoid the existing barriers of the health systems (absence of electronic records, different standards, lack of involvement in EU projects on a voluntary basis of some Member States, etc.).”

Fast forward to the 3rd of May 2022, the European Commission launched the European Health Data Space (EHDS), one of the central building blocks of a strong European Health Union, opening a new era for data use in the European Union and offering a consistent, trustworthy and efficient framework to use health data for research, innovation, policy-making and regulatory activities, while ensuring full compliance with the EU’s high data protection standards.

While the role of EHDS for research, innovation and policymaking, as it was designed in theory, will be vital, essential, one of the most important foundation principles of EHDS is that people will be in control of their own health data, in their country and cross-border: “Citizens will be in full control of their data and will be able to add information, rectify wrong data, restrict access to others and obtain information on how their data are used and for which purpose.”

If achieved, this measure will ensure that sharing health data will not be influenced by absence of electronic records (EHRs), that are a chronic problem in Eastern European countries, different standards or lack of involvement in EU projects on a voluntary basis in some Member States.

However, like any major innovative approach that aims to reduce inequalities in some areas, it has the potential to create new ones or widen the existing gap between East and West. In parallel, intensive projects and initiatives that aim at informing and educating the citizens in these Member States should be put in place as soon as possible. The impetus for action must come from the EU level, but the actions should be designed taking into account the experience of civil society at the national level, creating a balance between European vision and Eastern reality.

EU efforts to help the Ukrainian migrants while protecting its own citizens: policies and the role of ECDC

Since 24th of February, more than 4,5 million Ukrainians fled the country, with millions being displaced internally. Beyond the immediate threat to individual safety, this situation causes long-term trauma, emotional distress and long-term health problems.  

In its March operational report, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) sets out guidelines and priorities for the control of communicable diseases in the context of the humanitarian tragedy in Europe. Experts warn that Ukrainian refugees are at an increased vulnerability in what they have identified as infectious diseases due to the living conditions they face during relocation. However, the main recommendation is for the state hosting migrants to ensure that they have access to medical services in a similar way to their local populations. Thus, possible complications of pre-existing medical conditions can be prevented, and acute conditions can be treated early (including non-communicable diseases and mental disorders). This approach not only ensures the continuity of medical care, but also helps in the early detection of communicable diseases that can cause outbreaks, such as COVID-19.  

These recommendations can be put in place based on the Temporary Protection Directive enacted by the Council of the European Union on 4 March 2022 (Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382) in response to refugees arriving in the EU from Ukraine. Temporary protection, which is distinct from asylum, can last up to three years depending on circumstances. When invoked, the directive compels all member states (except Denmark, which has an opt-out clause) to accept refugees, issue residence permits, minimise red tape, and take other steps to assist displaced people. Refugees are to be distributed among member states on a voluntary basis, based on member states’ capacity to host them.  

However, not all the countries have the legislative basis for equal implementation and this differences affect the equal management of the Ukrainian migrants across the EU. By adding the layer of already existing inequalities between Eastern and Western EU Member States, the most noticeable being the ones regarding health and care, these vulnerabilities become exacerbated. To compensate for the current and future vulnerabilities, the EU Institutions should focus on the Eastern Europe in terms of vision, planning and funding.

Open letter to the European Parliament, the European Council and the European Commission from the Centre of Innovation in Medicine  

In the context of the war in Ukraine and the humanitarian and health crisis in neighbouring countries (Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia), the Centre for Innovation in Medicine addressed to the European Union legislative bodies the following requests:   

• Prioritisation of funding for CEE Member States and Eastern Partnership countries in the ongoing Funding programs: EU4Health, Horizon Europe, Digital Europe, NextGenerationEU, as well in the context of the Beating Europe Cancer Plan and Mission on Cancer.  
• The establishment of a public health program, in coordination with ECDC, with a focus on vaccination and genomic and syndromic surveillance of pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, but as well pathogens involved in tuberculosis, poliomyelitis etc) for the migrants.  
• The immediate start of the process to define a mechanism to provide access to healthcare for migrants, when the temporary protection mechanism will end, is coordinated at the EU level.  
• The establishment of a working group designed to re-think and help the post-war transformation of the public health system and the healthcare system in Ukraine.  

European Council updates the 2003 Council Recommendation on cancer screening  

The Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan proposes a new cancer screening scheme, aiming to help EU countries ensure that 90% of the EU population who qualify for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screenings are offered screening by 2025. A first step into achieving this is updating the 2003 guidance (Council Recommendation) on cancer screening based on the latest scientific advice and consider extending screening to other types of cancer, i.e. lung and prostate cancer. The Call for Evidence from Member States and civil society was launched in January 2022.   

The Centre for Innovation in Medicine proposed three key recommendations:  

• to include the social innovation in the screening programs design (attitudes, perceptions and behaviours) 
• to take into consideration the site agnostic testing for screening  
• to include real-time real-world data, digital-enabled screening  

While the 2003 recommendations urged the Member States to take common actions to implement such programmes through a population-based approach, in accordance with the European quality assurance guidelines, the current scientific understanding of cancer must be reflected in the screening practices. Changes take time, but we cannot afford to screen for cancer as we did 20 years ago, not taking into consideration the molecular characteristics of the disease, the biological traits of the person, and all the health determinants that can be integrated at this point due to scientific advance.  

Currently, the best case scenario in a country is to have cancer screening programmes for three types of cancer: cervical cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer. The EC will extend this by adding probably two others: prostate and lung cancers. You can read more in the Report of the Federation of European Academies of Medicine (FEAM).  

As of 2020, 25 EU Member States had introduced in their national cancer control plans population-based screening programmes for breast cancer, while 22 member states had done so for cervical cancer and 20 member states had done so for colorectal cancer. Full implementation has not yet been achieved, and inequalities persist within and between Member States. In 2019, two-thirds (66%) of women aged between 50 and 69 years in the EU reported that they had received a mammogram (breast examination by X-ray) within the previous two years. In Romania, the percentage was 9%, while in Germany it was 66% and in France, almost 70%.  

Citizen engagement in Cancer Mission, a priority at the European level, highlighted by the French Presidency for the European Council  

The 5 EU Missions of the Horizon Europe programme aim at fostering the emergence of solutions and initiatives to address major contemporary challenges such as adaptation to climate change, protection of the oceans, the fight against cancer, carbon neutral cities and soil health.  

The Mission on Cancer was launched on 29 September 2021 and together with the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan adopted on 3 February 2021 aims at improving the lives of more than 3 million people by 2030 through prevention, treatment and overall, for those affected by cancer, including their families, to live longer and better. Missions are a novel instrument in Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation.  

The four Cancer Mission objectives include: understanding cancer, prevention and early detection, optimise diagnosis and treatment and support quality of life. Over the years, the approach in the cancer care continuum was patient-centred. The pandemic showed us more than ever that this paradigm must end, that health and care should be citizen-centred. A citizen-centric model is more suitable for cancer because first of all, prevention refers to ‘healthy’ or at least cancer-free citizens. With more than 40% of cancers being preventable, this means that prevention should play a major part in addressing cancer.  And second of all, cancer should be addressed from the citizens perspective because of the stigma attached to cancer survivors. We are all citizens, humans, and getting cancer doesn’t make us less. 

Citizen engagement is one of the topics that the French Presidency of the EU Council (1st of January 2022 – June 2022) is trying to address. The first step was the conference held on the 21st of March: Conference on Civic Engagement in EU Missions. 

Romania, through the activities of the Centre for Innovation in Medicine, has the potential to become a pioneer and a model regarding the citizens’ engagement in cancer. During the high-level online event “From Cancer Plan to Action and Mission. Implementation of the cancer agenda in Romania” organised by InoMed in collaboration with the Romanian Parliament, this model was discussed and detailed. 

“A key focus is on prevention. We must see what methods we must perform screening; we must work with citizens to make them understand the need for screening and change their behaviour. We must ensure that survivors of cancer live the life of a citizen not of a patient. This involves another level of engagement.”  

Christine Chomienne, Professor of Cellular Biology at the Université de Paris, France, Vice-Chair, Cancer Mission, Phase I.

The first draft of the European Partnership for Personalised Medicine was published 

The writing of the birth certificate for personalised medicine in the European Union, in 2015, was a major policy success of the European Alliance for Personalized Medicine. The Luxembourg Presidency Council Conclusions of December 2015 recognized that “personalized medicine refers to a medical model that uses the characterization of personal phenotypes and genotypes (e.g. molecular profiling, medical imaging), lifestyle data) for tailoring the right therapeutic strategy for the right person at the right time, and/or to determine the predisposition to disease and/or to deliver timely and targeted prevention.” Personalized medicine refers to the broader concept of patient-centered care and states that, in general, health care systems need to better meet the needs of patients and/or citizens (we might now add).

Less than one year later, in 2016, the International Consortium for Personalised Medicine was initiated during several workshops organised by the European Commission. The basis for this was the previous project, PerMed, that was funded from 2013-2015 by the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme and brought together many organisations active in the area.

One of the main current activities of ICPerMed is promoting the establishment of a European Partnership for Personalised Medicine, EP PerMed, together with the closely connected ERA-Net ERA PerMed. 

As the next step towards a European Partnership for Personalised Medicine, a drafting group was established by the Member States in close collaboration with the European Commission. With support and guidance from the European Commission, they developed a draft proposal for the Partnership that was published by the European Commission in February 2022. The next step is the establishment of the partnership for personalised medicine to be co-funded by the EC in the European Union’s 9th Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, Horizon Europe.  

The EP PerMed aims to align and promote national and regional priority setting and funding for research and implementation projects in the area of personalised medicine between the EU Member States (MS), regions and associated countries as well as international partner countries. 

Centre for Innovation in Medicine contributes with recommendations for setting AMR public health objectives in the European Union 

In February 2022, the European Commission launched a call for public evidence in setting the concrete objectives and activities to strengthen Member States’ action against AMR mainly in the area of public health, where the EU has only supporting and complementary competence. 

The Centre for Innovation in Medicine emphasised the AMR threat coming from and within the Eastern European countries. Many experts argue that the next pandemic will be a bacterial pandemic. Eastern Europe already had high levels of AMR and by adding the migration generated by the war in Ukraine – more than 4,5 million people displaced in neighbouring countries – creates the perfect outbreak point. Poland, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania are their new homes, in some cases for a couple of days or for longer in others.  

Communication campaigns on antibiotics usage awareness were created in the one size fits all manner. One of the main components of a public health policy aiming to prevent AMR by reducing irresponsible antibiotic use should be the understanding of what are the main factors that influence antibiotic consumption in countries from Eastern Europe, like Romania, with a history of communism, with conservative views, high rate of emigration in young populations, with 45% population living in rural areas and many more living in disadvantaged areas and in small, isolated communities. By understanding these factors, communication campaigns and personalised (targeted) preventive actions could be employed. 

• To prioritise the social innovations when creating communication campaigns for prevention of antibiotics use.
• To asses periodically, on multiple layers the attitudes, perceptions and behaviours of the citizens with regards to antibiotic consumption, identifying vulnerable groups. 
• To build a new model of personalised communication, education and engagement for reducing the risk of AMR, based on individual behaviour, influencers and perceptions.

You might also want to read:

• Redefining health: the multi omics revolution
• Behaviour: The missing piece of the health innovations

More than 1 year later, there are MS with more than 90% vaccination rate, while others barely reached 40%. These rates apply to the two doses vaccination scheme, which in the Omicron scenario brings little benefit at the individual and societal level.

Something is missing from this equation. This ongoing situation is the live proof of what we, at the Centre for Innovation in Medicine, were already shouting out loud for years: while providing early access to innovation is essential, it is not enough.

Attitudes, perceptions and behaviours – a new model for citizen engagement.

There have been intensive discussions around the lessons learned from the COVID-19 experience. The pandemic has ended as a social phenomenon – this fact was presented without a shadow of a doubt by many national, european, international authorities.

We are now at a critical point to apply one of the most important lessons: understanding the pivotal role of human behaviour in shaping the evolution of the public health crisis which is still a reality.

Our research at the Centre for Innovation in Medicine shows that there are many common points between the fight against COVID-19 and cancer, for which we collect data starting 2016. Putting the citizen at the centre of health policy should start with understanding behaviours, attitudes and perceptions.